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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: genetic mutation in bacteria, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutations can be: Advantageous Lethal Silent Disadvantageous, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutagens UV light (Thymine dimers) cause T bases to covalently bond, causing frameshift, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutagens Base analogs= structurally similar to normal base with slightly altered base pairing properties (encourage cells to mutate), Point Mutation (also called base substitution 1 nucleotide base is changed, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutagens Intercalating agents insert between stacked pairs of double helix cause frameshift mutations. Benzpyrene-cigarette smoke, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria DNA repair DNA polymerase proofreads DNA & Endonculeases (look for mismatched pairs and correct them), Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Types of Genetic Mutations spontaneous 1/1000000 mutagen 1/10-1000, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Types of Genetic Mutations Point Mutation (also called base substitution, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutagens Xray/Gamma Rays cause electrons to pop out of valence shells, form free radicals, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria How do prokaryotes prevent uniformity? Mutations Genetic Recombinations, Frameshift Mutation insertion or deletion of a base (shifts entire reading downstream), Base analogs= structurally similar to normal base with slightly altered base pairing properties (encourage cells to mutate) anti-tumor and anti-virus drugs, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Types of Genetic Mutations Frameshift Mutation, 1 nucleotide base is changed 50% of progeny will have mutation, Genetic Mutation in Bacteria Mutations are: Changes in the base sequence of DNA